Do you want to learn how to ice fish? This introductory article on hardwater fishing is just what you are looking for!
The sun is setting early and winter is almost here. While some might be winterizing their boats and thinking of spring, others say the best season is just getting started, ice season. In the North, ice fishing is a great winter activity for the whole family. It gives people a chance to get fresh air and exercise in the winter. Not only that, but you can catch tasty fish through the ice!
Understanding Hardwater Fishing Basics
What Is Hardwater Fishing?
Hardwater fishing, commonly known as ice fishing, involves fishing through drilled holes in the ice covering lakes or ponds. Unlike open-water fishing, it requires distinct tools like ice augers, ice shelters, and short rods. Additionally, cold-weather strategies and an understanding of fish behavior in winter are essential for success.
When Is the Hardwater Fishing Season?
The hardwater fishing season typically begins in early winter when ice reaches safe thickness and extends into late February or March, depending on the region. Some areas only get a short season such as Lake Erie in Ohio. The further North you go, the longer the season. In the Northern states and Canada, the ice sometimes gets thick enough to drive on, making getting to your area convenient. Safe thickness is a loose term, only you can judge safe ice. Just because ice is thick, does not mean it’s safe. For example, there is a difference between clear ice and cloudy ice strength. Typically, clear ice is better. Do not rely on others to tell you what safe ice is!
Ice Fishing Gear
Ice Fishing Rods and Reels
Rods built for ice fishing are shorter than regular rods, generally ranging from 24 to 36 inches, which allows easy handling in a confined space. They come in different actions and setups for specific species of fish. Typically, the species will be on the label or just ask the retailer. Look for features like:
- Fast-action tips – For sensitive bites
- Durable reels – Spool specifically designed for cold weather
- Free-Falling Reel – This reel free-falls your bait at the press of a button
- Tip-ups – Tip-ups can be used to set multiple lines
- Line Type – Use ice fishing specific line for your reels
Popular brands for hardwater fishing include St. Croix, Fenwick, and 13 Fishing, each offering models designed for various skill levels.
Ice Augers and Drilling Equipment
Drilling holes in the ice is crucial, and augers come in multiple types:
- Manual Augers – Affordable, lightweight, and best for thin ice
- Gas and Propane Augers – Powerful, suitable for thick ice, but require fuel
- Electric Augers – Efficient and environmentally friendly but need a charged battery
Auger Size and Blades
A 6- to 8-inch blade is ideal for general fishing, while larger augers (10 inches) suit trophy fishers targeting species like lake trout and walleye.
Ice Shelters and Tents for Hardwater Fishing
Ice shelters, or “fish houses,” offer warmth and protection. The main types include:
- Flip-Over Shelters – Easy to set up, ideal for mobile anglers. Can be towed behind a vehicle
- Hub-Style Shelters – Spacious and lightweight, best for group fishing. Typically fits in a sled
- Cabin-Style Shelters – Sturdy with insulation, though less portable. For drivable ice thickness.
Many shelters have built-in heaters and seating, making long days on the ice more comfortable. If no built-in heater, use a portable heater such as a Buddy Heater!
Bait, Lures, and Tackle for Ice Fishing
Selecting the right bait and lures can vary based on the fish species:
- Live Bait – Minnows, waxworms, and mealworms attract a variety of species
- Artificial Lures – Spoons, jigs, and soft plastics mimic prey movement
Hardwater fishing relies on subtle lure actions, so go for lightweight jigs and bright colors that stand out in the dark, icy water.
Techniques and Tips for Successful Hardwater Fishing
Drilling and Setting Up Your Ice Fishing Spot
Once you’ve selected a spot, drill several holes in a pattern to increase your chances of finding fish. A grid or cluster pattern lets you cover different depths. This also aids in using an ice flasher to locate fish or find structure.
Using Sonar and Fish Finders
Sonar and fish finders are invaluable tools for locating fish. Sonar technology, like the Vexilar and Marcum units, detects fish beneath the ice. Reading sonar effectively can help you determine fish depth and movement patterns. Live sonar has become popular for ice fishing, it gives you a real-time look at the fish you are trying to catch.
Effective Hardwater Fishing Techniques
- Jigging – A tried-and-true method for walleye and perch, involving quick or subtle rod movements
- Deadsticking – Setting a baited rod motionless, often paired with a second rod for jigging
- Tip-Ups – Passive method used to cover multiple areas; they signal a bite with a flag pop-up
Tips for Staying Comfortable and Warm While Hardwater Fishing
Layering Clothing for Ice Fishing
A three-layer system helps you stay warm and dry:
- Base Layer – Moisture-wicking material (e.g., merino wool)
- Insulating Layer – Fleece or down for warmth
- Outer Layer – Waterproof and windproof jacket
Keeping Hands, Feet, and Face Warm
Cold extremities are common, so wear:
- Insulated gloves and mittens
- Thermal socks with waterproof boots
- Face masks or balaclavas to cover exposed skin
- Shanty Heater: Most ice fishermen use this
Planning Your Hardwater Fishing Trip
Best Destinations for Hardwater Fishing
Consider these popular ice fishing spots:
- Lake Mille Lacs, Minnesota – Known for walleye and perch
- Devils Lake, North Dakota – Offers excellent perch fishing
- Lake Simcoe, Ontario – Top spot for perch, lake trout, and whitefish
- Lake Erie – The lake and harbors can be great when conditions permit. Walleye and perch are abundant.
- Red Lake – Minnesota’s premier walleye lake
We hope this guide helps you get outside and catch more fish in the winter! Once you start ice fishing, it can quickly become a passion. Get some ice fishing gear and spend time on a lake near you!